Thinking is a mental process which allows humans to model the world, philosophy is the attempt to understand the world using logic and reason. The world being both the external and the internal, and both the knowable and unknowable.

For an overview of philosophy see our branches of philosophy page, for an introduction to philosophy check out Reason at Work (Amazon). Philosophy includes everything from economic and political philosophies, to the philosophies of emotions and mind, to cosmological and other other metaphysical questions, to the nature of god and religion, to the very nature of what we can know. Given that every subject has a science and philosophy (with the two often merging, such is the case in theoretical physics or mathematics) we have to be careful not to undervalue the practical aspects of this non-science.

All Types of Systems are Generally Comparable


All Systems are Generally Analogous

General systems theory shows us there are commonalities between different types of physical and conceptual systems which we can study to better understand complex systems.

Everything Depends on Frame of Reference


Everything we perceive depends on our frame of reference. What we observe is relative to our point of view. In other words, “it is all a matter of perspective”.

Infinity is a Number


Is Infinity A Number?

Infinity (∞) isn’t a number, it’s a concept. It describes something that can’t be expressed by a “finite” natural or real number.

There are Different Types of Infinity


Infinity is a concept, not a number.

There are different types of infinity (∞) which differ by size, countability, “flavor” and more. Most types have practical real world applications.

Physics is Different than Metaphysics


Physics is Different than Metaphysics

Physics is a branch of physical science rooted in math that asks “how does it work?” Metaphysics is a broad branch of philosophy that asks, “What is its true nature?”

The Earth Isn’t Flat


The Earth isn’t Flat

The Earth is not flat; the Earth is an oblate spheroid (a bumpy sphere with a fat equator and skinny poles). There are many ways to prove the earth’s geometry.

Being Equal Means Having Equivalent Value


Being Equal Means Having Equivalent Value

The term ‘equal’ can mean ‘identical’, but more-so it describes “equivalence.” For example, social equality describes equity, not “exact the sameness.”